Abstract
Six lichenicolous species of Chalara are currently recognized. Chalara lichenicola is considered heterogeneous, comprising at least four morphologically distinct species that grow on Cladonia hosts. Two lichenicolous specimens of Nagrajchalara are provisionally attributed to known saprotrophic species but may represent distinct, yet undescribed, possibly strictly lichenicolous taxa. The new Chalara ochrolechiae is described here, occurring on Ochrolechia pallescens and Lepra albescens in Italy and Russia (Caucasus).